From: What are the risks of manual treatment of the spine? A scoping review for clinicians
Criteria for study inclusion | Criteria for study exclusion |
---|---|
Participants | |
• Patients receiving spinal manual treatment • Health or legal professionals reporting upon patients receiving spinal manual treatment | |
Study design | Article type |
• Studies whose primary aims address risks of care &/or adverse events & that are: • Meta-analyses • Systematic reviewsa • Controlled studies • Surveys • Cohort studies • Case reportsb • Scientific reportsc |
• Reviews (without a systematic approach)d
• Editorials, commentaries or opinion articlesd • Letterse, correspondences or author responses • Studies whose primary aims address clinical outcomes (but may report occurrence of adverse events)f • Study protocols • Conference abstractsg |
Intervention | Intervention |
• Spinal manual treatment (manipulation or mobilisation), provided by a health professional |
• Patient self-manipulation • Spinal manual treatment provided by a lay-person |
Outcomes | Outcomes |
• Adverse events | • Biomechanical or physiological responses as proxy adverse effects |