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Table 4 Responder Analyses

From: Spinal manipulative therapy and exercise for older adults with chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial

% Pain reduction

Treatment groups

Group differences (95% CI)

 

SMT + HEP

SEP + HEP

HEP

SMT + HEP minus HEP

SEP + HEP minus HEP

SMT + HEP minus SEP + HEP

Week 12a

 No reduction or worsening

13.8

20.3

29.0

−15.2 (− 27.7 to 2.3)

−8.7 (− 22.0 to 4.9)

− 6.5 (− 18.2 to 5.3)

  ≥ 30%

68.8

65.8

52.6

16.1 (0.8 to 30.5)

13.2 (−2.2 to 27.8)

2.9 (− 11.5 to 17.2)

  ≥ 50%

52.5

43.0

34.2

18.3 (2.7 to 32.6)

8.8 (−6.4 to 23.5)

9.5 (−5.9 to 24.3)

  ≥ 75%

20.0

12.7

10.5

9.5 (−2.0 to 20.7)

2.1 (−8.4 to 12.6)

7.3 (−4.3 to 18.9)

 100%

5.0

6.3

1.3

3.7 (−2.8 to 10.9)

5.0 (−1.8 to 12.7)

−1.3 (−9.6 to 6.7)

Week 26b

 No reduction or worsening

25.3

26.6

19.5

5.8 (−7.3 to 18.7)

7.1 (−6.2 to 20.0)

− 1.3 (− 14.8 to 12.3)

 ≥ 30%

49.4

53.2

52.0

−2.6 (− 17.8 to 12.8)

1.2 (−14.1 to 16.5)

−3.8 (− 18.9 to 11.5)

 ≥ 50%

32.9

30.4

32.5

0.4 (− 14.1 to 14.9)

−2.1 (− 16.4 to 12.3)

2.5 (− 11.8 to 16.7)

 ≥ 75%

12.7

16.5

14.3

−1.6 (− 12.7 to 9.3)

2.2 (−9.4 to 13.6)

− 3.8 (− 15.0 to 7.4)

 100%

5.1

5.1

5.2

−0.1 (−8.2 to 7.8)

− 0.1 (− 8.2 to 7.8)

0.0 (− 7.9 to 7.9)

Week 52c

 No reduction or worsening

23.8

27.9

31.6

−7.8 (−21.5 to 6.1)

−3.7 (−17.8 to 10.5)

−4.1 (− 17.5 to 9.4)

 ≥ 30%

47.5

49.4

52.6

−5.1 (−20.3 to 10.3)

−3.3 (− 18.5 to 12.2)

− 1.9 (− 17.0 to 13.4)

 ≥ 50%

35.0

27.9

38.2

− 3.2 (− 17.9 to 11.7)

−10.3 (− 24.5 to 4.4)

7.2 (− 7.2 to 21.1)

 ≥ 75%

7.5

15.2

14.5

−7.0 (− 17.4 to 3.1)

0.7 (− 10.8 to 12.1)

− 7.7 (− 18.0 to 2.4)

 100%

3.8

5.1

2.6

1.1 (− 5.8 to 8.1)

2.4 (− 4.7 to 9.9)

− 1.3 (− 9.0 to 6.1)

  1. Percentage of participants with no reduction or worsening, 30, 50, 75%, or 100% reduction in pain severity
  2. aAnalysis includes 80 participants in the SMT + HEP group, 79 in the SEP + HEP group, and 76 in the HEP group
  3. bAnalysis includes 79 participants in the SMT + HEP group, 79 in the SEP + HEP group, and 77 in the HEP group
  4. cAnalysis includes 80 participants in the SMT + HEP group, 79 in the SEP + HEP group, and 76 in the HEP group
  5. CI confidence interval, HEP home exercise program, SEP supervised exercise program, SMT spinal manipulative therapy