Table 2 Risk of bias table based on Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) Criteria for high risk of bias studies; randomized controlled trials
Author, Year | Research Question | Randomization | Concealment | Blinding | Similarity at baseline | Similarity between arms | Outcome measures | Percent drop-out | Intention to treat | Results between sites | Level of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Botelho et al., 2012 | Y | Y | CS | N | N | N | Y | 0% | NA | NA | 1- |
Cardinale et al., 2015 | Y | Y | N | CS | Y | Y | CS | 0% | NA | NA | 1- |
Enebo et al., 2003 | Y | Y | CS | N | CS | CS | CS | 0% | CS | NA | 1- |
Engel et al. 2007 | Y | Y | Y | CS | N | N | CS | 20% | N | NA | 1- |
Fox et al., 2006 | Y | Y | CS | N | Y | Y | CS | CS | CS | NA | 1- |
Miller et al., 2000 | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | CS | CS | Y | NA | 1- |
Nansel et al., 1992 | Y | Y | CS | N | CS | CS | Y | 0% | Y | NA | 1- |
Nansel et al., 1993 | Y | Y | CS | Y | CS | Y | CS | 0% | Y | NA | 1- |
Palmgren et al., 2009 | Y | Y | Y | N | CS | Y | Y | 0% | Y | NA | 1- |
Passmore et al., 2010 | Y | Y | CS | Y | CS | CS | Y | 0% | Y | NA | 1- |
Pollard et al., 1998 | Y | Y | CS | CS | CS | CS | CS | CS | CS | NA | 1- |
Schwartzbauer et al., 1997 | CS | Y | N | N | CS | CS | CS | 25% | Y | NA | 1- |
Shrier et al., 2006 | Y | Y | CS | CS | Y | Y | Y | 17.6% | Y | NA | 1- |
Stamos-Papastamos et al., 2011 | Y | Y | CS | N | Y | Y | Y | CS | Y | NA | 1- |
Straub et al., 2001 | Y | Y | CS | CS | CS | CS | Y | 0% | Y | NA | 1- |
Ward et al., 2012 | N | Y | N | N | CS | CS | CS | 5% | NA | NA | 1- |
Ward et al., 2013 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | 0% | CS | NA | 1- |
Ward et al., 2014 | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | N | 0% | Y | NA | 1- |