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Table 3 Descriptive data (Mean (SD)) of all outcome variables included in an RCT on spinal manipulation for each type of intervention and at each time point

From: The effect of a single spinal manipulation on cardiovascular autonomic activity and the relationship to pressure pain threshold: a randomized, cross-over, sham-controlled trial

Outcomes

Spinal manipulation

Sham

Baseline

Post 1

Post 2

Post 3

Baseline

Post 1

Post 2

Post 3

HR (bpm)

Mean

72.0

68.1

66.9

66.7

71.6

68.4

67.0

67.4

N = 41

SD

11.0

9.9

9.3

9.6

9.9

9.2

9.2

9.3

RRi (ms)

Mean

856

904

921

924

857

896

917

912

N = 41

SD

134

136

137

140

114

115

126

128

Log HF-HRV (ms2)

Mean

2.971

3.096

3.205

3.194

2.981

3.086

3.107

3.141

N = 41

SD

0.512

0.511

0.515

0.482

0.449

0.479

0.481

0.483

HF normalized unit

Mean

66.7

65.8

62.7

63.7

67.6

65.3

63.1

61.9

N = 41

SD

18.0

17.0

12.7

15.5

15.2

15.3

16.1

17.6

Log LF-HRV (ms2)

Mean

2.610

2.739

2.940

2.898

2.603

2.758

2.831

2.876

N = 41

SD

0.358

0.403

0.417

0.398

0.383

0.426

0.392

0.367

Log LF/HF

Mean

− 0.361

− 0.358

− 0.265

− 0.296

− 0.378

− 0.328

− 0.276

− 0.265

N = 41

SD

0.398

0.389

0.259

0.319

0.341

0.338

0.342

0.375

Log RMSSD (ms)

Mean

1.647

1.733

1.787

1.781

1.651

1.717

1.740

1.754

N = 41

SD

0.253

0.257

0.249

0.244

0.241

0.245

0.228

0.229

Log SDNN (ms)

Mean

1.695

1.750

1.811

1.811

1.693

1.740

1.769

1.786

N = 41

SD

0.156

0.184

0.180

0.184

0.169

0.188

0.172

0.172

SBP (mmHg)

Mean

115.1

113.6

114.9

115.9

115.8

117.6

117.6

118.7

N = 30

SD

13.0

12.2

13.2

12.2

14.7

14.2

14.5

13.2

DBP (mmHg)

Mean

56.4

55.3

56.7

57.2

56.9

58.1

58.2

60.3

N = 30

SD

8.5

9.6

9.6

8.6

9.4

9.3

8.3

8.6

MBP (mmHg)

Mean

72.2

70.8

72.5

73.1

72.9

74.0

74.0

76.1

N = 30

SD

8.9

9.8

9.8

8.6

9.5

9.8

8.7

8.9

LF-SBP (mm2Hg)

Mean

5.907

6.954

6.858

7.420

5.637

5.782

7.233

6.949

N = 30

SD

4.401

5.449

4.811

5.122

3.859

4.408

5.248

5.409

Log PPT local (kPa)

Mean

2.583

2.615

2.621

2.616

2.579

2.614

2.605

2.604

N = 41

SD

0.161

0.170

0.166

0.169

0.166

0.151

0.167

0.178

PPT distal (kPa)

Mean

526.7

570.9

576.8

578.2

481.8

535.0

520.7

535.7

N = 37

SD

157.2

189.9

187.9

181.1

153.3

165.4

177.2

160.2

  1. Abbreviations:
  2. SD standard deviation; HR heart rate in beats per minute; RRi intervals between normal beats; Log logarithm with base 10; HF high frequency; HF normalized unit: HF/(HF + LF) x 100; LF low frequency; RMSSD: root mean square of the successive differences between normal heartbeats; SDNN standard deviation of the inter beat interval of normal sinus beats; SBP systolic blood pressure; DBP diastolic blood pressure; MBP mean blood pressure; PPT pressure pain threshold in kilopascal
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Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

ISSN: 2045-709X