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Table 2 Comparison of pain (primary outcome) before and after intervention

From: Immediate effects of a lumbar spine manipulation on pain sensitivity and postural control in individuals with nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

Outcome

Group

Mean pre-

(standard deviation)

Mean post-

(standard deviation)

Post-Pre

(95% IC)

Subjective pain intensity

Control

3.8 (± 2.7)

2.8 (± 2.6)

−1.0

(− 3.3; 1.3)

Intervention

4.5 (± 1.6)

2.9 (± 1.2)

−1.6

(−2.8; − 0.4)

Pressure pain threshold

(Spinal Process)

Control

7,0 (± 2,5)

6,8 (± 2,3)

−0.2

(−2.2; 1.9)

Intervention

6,1 (± 2,3)

6.5 (± 2,6)

0.4

(−1.7; 2.5)

Pressure pain threshold

(Right Erector)

Control

7.2 (± 2.3)

6.8 (± 2.5)

−0.4

(−2.4; 1.7)

Intervention

6.8 (± 2.6)

7.3 (± 2.5)

0.5

(−1.7; 2.6)

Pressure pain threshold

(Left Erector)

Control

7.1 (± 2.3)

7.1 (± 2.3)

0.0

(−1.9; 1.9)

Intervention

6.8 (± 2.9)

7.3 (± 2.6)

0.5

(−1.8; 2.8)