Table 3 Results for cervical spine physical examination procedures (N = 51)
From: Inter-examinerreliability study of physical examination procedures to assess the cervical spine
Procedure | Cohen’s Kappa (unadjusted) | 95 % Confidence Interval (Cohen’s K) | Raw Agreement(%) | Bias Index | Prevalence Index | Prevalence and Bias Adjusted Kappa (PABAK) | 95 % Confidence Interval (PABAK) | Examiner 1 (Negative/ Positive findings) | Examiner 2 (Negative/ Positive findings) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sharp Purser | N/Aa | N/Aa | 100 | 0 | 1 | 1 | N/Aa | 51/0 | 51/0 |
Unilateral C2 Kick Test to left with right Side Bending | N/Aa | N/Aa | 100 | 0 | 1 | 1 | N/Aa | 51/0 | 51/0 |
Unilateral C2 Kick Test to right with left Side Bending | N/Aa | N/Aa | 100 | 0 | 1 | 1 | N/Aa | 51/0 | 51/0 |
Bilateral C2 Kick Test - Side to Side comparison (asymmetry criterion) | 0.93 | 0.79-1.0 | 98 | -0.02 | 0.67 | 0.96 | 0.92-1.0 | 42/9 | 43/8 |
Flexion Rotation Test | 0.92 | 0.80-1.0 | 96 | 0.04 | 0.25 | 0.92 | 0.87–0.98 | 33/18 | 31/20 |
Unilateral Modified Lateral Shear Test (right to left) | 0.31 | -0.02-0.64 | 82 | 0.09 | 0.71 | 0.65 | 0.54–0.75 | 46/5 | 41/10 |
Unilateral Modified Lateral Shear Test (left to right) | 0.41 | 0.07–0.74 | 84 | 0.04 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.59–0.79 | 44/7 | 42/9 |
Bilateral Modified Lateral Shear Test - Side to Side comparison (asymmetry criterion) | 0.77 | 0.52-1.0 | 94 | 0.06 | 0.71 | 0.88 | 0.82–0.95 | 45/6 | 42/9 |
Sub-occipital muscle palpation with verbalization of pain provocation | 0.64 | 0.43–0.85 | 82 | -0.06 | -0.12 | 0.65 | 0.54–0.75 | 21/30 | 24/27 |
Sub-occipital muscle palpation for ‘tightness’ without verbalization of pain provocation | 0.58 | 0.35–0.81 | 80 | -0.04 | 0.25 | 0.61 | 0.50–0.72 | 31/20 | 33/18 |
Segmental mobility testing with verbalization of pain provocation (bmid cervical spine) | 0.46 | 0.20–0.72 | 76 | 0.08 | 0.37 | 0.53 | 0.41–0.65 | 37/14 | 33/18 |
Segmental mobility testing without verbalization of pain provocation (bmid cervical spine) | 0.45 | 0.21–0.70 | 73 | 0.08 | -0.02 | 0.45 | 0.33–0.57 | 27/24 | 23/28 |
Segmental mobility testing with verbalization of pain provocation (clower cervical spine) | 0.75 | 0.56–0.94 | 88 | -0.04 | 0.25 | 0.76 | 0.68–0.85 | 31/20 | 33/18 |
Segmental mobility testing without Verbalization of pain provocation (clower cervical spine) | 0.35 | 0.06–0.64 | 76 | 0.08 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.41–0.65 | 41/10 | 37/14 |