Table 2 Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics (mean (SD) unless otherwise noted)
Parameter | Treatment group | |
|---|---|---|
Chiropractic Care | Integrated Care | |
n | 100 | 101 |
Age | 52.3 (12.4) | 52.6 (12.5) |
Female, n (%) | 60 (60.0%) | 69 (68.3%) |
Non-white race, n (%) | 5 (5.1%) | 1 (1.0%) |
Hispanic, n (%) | 3 (3.0%) | 5 (5.0%) |
College degree, n (%) | 47 (47.5%) | 52 (51.5%) |
Household income < $35,000, n (%) | 18 (18.3%) | 16 (19.8%) |
Employed, n (%) | 71 (71.0%) | 66 (66.0%) |
BMI | 29.5 (5.8) | 27.5 (5.2) |
Duration [years] | 9.2 (10.1) | 8.3 (9.9) |
 Median [25th to 75th percentiles] | 5.0 [2.0 to 15.0] | 4.0 [2.0 to 11.0] |
Chronic (current episode ≥ 12 weeks), n (%) | 97 (97.0%) | 98 (97.0%) |
Radiation to lower extremity, n (%) | 18 (18.0) | 21 (20.8) |
Back pain associated with trauma | ||
 Auto accident, n (%) | 5 (5.0%) | 4 (4.0%) |
 Work or leisure time accident, n (%) | 21 (21.0%) | 21 (20.8%) |
Age at first episode of back pain | 35.7 (15.0) | 35.7 (15.0) |
Prior treatment, n (%) | 88 (88.0%) | 90 (89.1%) |
Depression, n (%) | 12 (12.0%) | 11 (10.9%) |
Other pain, n (%) | 88 (88.0%) | 89 (88.1%) |
Tobacco use, n (%) | 9 (9.0%) | 10 (9.9%) |
Low back pain intensity [0 to 10] | 5.4 (1.5) | 5.1 (1.6) |
Low back disability (Roland Morris) [0 to 100]†| 40.9 (21.3) | 38.1 (19.2) |
Quality of life (EuroQol) [− 0.109 to 1]* | 0.76 (0.10) | 0.79 (0.06) |
Medication use (days/week) | 2.8 (2.4) | 2.9 (2.4) |
Preferred intervention, n (%) | ||
 None | 19 (19.4%) | 17 (17.2%) |
 Acupuncture and oriental medicine | 25 (25.5%) | 23 (23.2%) |
 Chiropractic | 19 (19.4%) | 17 (17.2%) |
 Cognitive behavioral therapy | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
 Exercise therapy | 11 (11.2%) | 11 (11.1%) |
 Massage | 22 (22.4%) | 31 (31.3%) |
 Medication | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
 Self-care education | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Expectation of improvement at the end of treatment (1–5) ^ | 1.80 (0.53) | 1.77 (0.46) |