Skip to main content

Table 3 Angular displacement (degrees) of the head relative to the sternum and VA length change (%) combining data from all donors and clinicians during contralateral CSM thrusts

From: Kinematics of the head and associated vertebral artery length changes during high-velocity, low-amplitude cervical spine manipulation

  

Rotation

Lateral flexion

X

Y

Z

Whole

V3

X

Y

Z

Whole

V3

C1

Mean

1.0

− 8.8

9.7

0.9

1.8

− 2.0

− 5.9

0.1

0.8

1.8

 

SD

3.4

2.0

3.3

0.8

1.4

1.6

3.0

4.1

1.2

1.8

 

Minimum

− 2.9

− 11.8

6.2

0.2

0.0

− 5.0

− 10.1

− 3.9

− 1.3

0.0

 

Maximum

5.2

− 6.5

14.6

2.2

3.1

− 0.5

− 2.8

7.6

1.9

3.7

C2

Mean

0.9

− 7.0

9.7

0.6

0.9

− 2.3

− 5.6

− 0.3

1.6

2.0

 

SD

2.8

3.0

3.2

0.4

1.0

3.3

5.7

2.2

1.2

2.6

 

Minimum

− 2.6

− 10.3

5.4

0.2

0.0

− 7.3

− 11.5

− 4.0

0.1

0.0

 

Maximum

4.2

− 2.6

13.6

1.1

2.2

1.8

4.4

2.3

3.6

6.0

C3

Mean

0.5

− 9.1

8.3

1.4

2.2

− 3.8

− 7.4

1.6

1.4

1.1

 

SD

4.5

5.7

2.7

0.7

2.7

2.9

4.2

4.3

2.0

1.9

 

Minimum

− 3.6

− 19.3

3.9

0.2

0.0

− 7.1

− 15.1

− 3.1

− 1.4

− 1.3

 

Maximum

9.1

− 3.7

11.0

2.3

5.8

− 0.3

− 4.3

8.8

4.2

4.2

C4

Mean

0.1

− 8.2

7.4

1.0

1.3

− 4.3

− 6.0

1.8

1.8

0.7

 

SD

2.0

3.9

2.5

0.7

1.8

4.5

2.3

6.8

1.7

2.1

 

Minimum

− 2.5

− 14.5

5.1

− 0.3

− 0.7

− 10.1

− 10.1

− 7.8

0.0

− 1.3

 

Maximum

3.5

− 3.8

11.6

1.6

3.5

1.0

− 3.6

12.9

4.4

3.9

C5

Mean

− 1.3

− 5.4

4.5

1.1

1.0

− 3.7

− 6.3

3.6

0.9

1.8

 

SD

1.0

2.6

1.9

0.6

1.3

1.7

2.6

6.1

1.7

2.4

 

Minimum

− 3.2

− 8.5

2.2

0.3

0.0

− 6.6

− 9.0

− 2.8

− 2.0

− 0.2

 

Maximum

− 0.2

− 1.9

7.0

1.8

3.3

− 1.8

− 3.2

11.9

2.5

5.8

C6

Mean

− 0.7

− 8.3

7.5

1.2

1.4

− 4.6

− 5.2

0.8

1.5

1.7

 

SD

3.5

1.6

2.6

0.2

1.5

2.3

3.2

6.4

0.7

2.0

 

Minimum

− 7.7

− 10.9

3.3

1.0

0.0

− 6.1

− 8.8

− 4.9

0.6

0.0

 

Maximum

1.7

− 6.3

10.4

1.5

4.0

− 1.2

− 1.3

9.9

2.3

3.9

C7

Mean

− 0.3

− 8.4

6.1

0.9

1.3

− 2.8

− 5.7

0.7

0.7

0.5

 

SD

2.7

2.4

3.1

0.5

2.4

3.1

1.5

5.8

0.7

1.1

 

Minimum

− 4.3

− 12.3

2.7

0.2

− 1.1

− 6.7

− 7.9

− 6.5

0.0

− 0.8

 

Maximum

2.8

− 6.3

10.4

1.6

4.4

1.4

− 3.7

10.6

1.9

2.3

  1. Contralateral manipulations involve ipsilateral head rotation; positive kinematic values indicate flexion, left lateral flexion and left rotation; positive VA length changes indicate elongation of the vessel
  2. X, coronal axis; Y, sagittal axis; Z, transverse axis; SD, standard deviation; whole, whole VA; V3, V3 segment of VA