Table 1 The description of included RCTs in systematic review
From: Effect of ischemic compression on myofascial pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
First author, Year, and location | Population enrolled | Groups and Controls | Characteristic of ischemic compression | Observation time point | Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tanhan, 2021, Turkey | 75 subjects | Exercise group (n = 25), low level laser group (n = 25), manual pressure release group (n = 25) | Repeated pressure and release on MTrP, until no MTrP tension, three days a week for four weeks | Pre and post treatment | BDI, SF-36, Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire |
Kashyap, 2018, India | 45 females at 18–30 years | Manual pressure release group (n = 15), muscle energy technique group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15) | Gradually increasing pressure until VAS decrease | Pre and post treatment, 5, 10, 15 days after treatment | PPT, VAS, cervical range of rotation, NDI |
De Meulemeester, 2016, Belgium | 42 female office workers | Dry needling group (n = 20) and manual pressure group (n = 33) | Pressure on MTrP from 10 N/S to highest tolerable level, 60 s, once a week for 4 weeks | Baseline, after 1 treatment and after 4 treatments, 3 months after treatments | Numeric rating scale, NDI, PPT |
Sadria, 2017, Iran | 64 subjects at 18–50 years | Pressure and release group (n = 32) and muscle energy group (n = 32) | Pressure or tension with thumb or finger over the MTrP | Pre and post treatment | VAS, Cervical lateral flexion ROM, Upper trapezius thickness |
Ransone, 2019, USA | 30 subjects | Manual compressive at MTrP group (n = 10), manual compressive at close-proximity within 2.5 cm around MTrP group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10) received sham treatment | Moderate pressure 3 times a week for 4 weeks with each treatment session | Pre and post treatment | PPT |
Abu-Taleb, 2016, Egypt | 45 subjects | Algometer pressure release (n = 15), pressure release group (n = 15), sham ultrasound group (n = 15) | Repeated pressure and release on MTrPs, until no MTrP tension, three days a week for four weeks | Pre and post treatment | PPT, cervical range of motion |
Ganesh, 2015, India | 90 subjects with 36 males and 54 females at 19–24 years | Cervical mobilization group (n = 30), ischemic compression group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30) | Ischemic compression to upper trapezius muscle for 5 days | Pre and post treatment, 24 h, 5th day and 2 weeks after treatment | PPT, passive cervical lateral flexion |
Aguilera, 2009, Spain | 66 subjects with 29 males and 37 females | Ischemic compression group (n = 22), ultrasound group (n = 22), control group (n = 22) | Ischemic compression for 60–90 s | Pre and post treatment | Active ROM, Pressure tolerance, Basal Electrical activity |
Ziaeifar, 2016, Iran | 32 subjects | Standard group using ischemic compression (n = 17) and experiment group using dry needling (n = 14) | Increasing pressure to MTrP for 3 repetitive times, 1 week | Pre and 3 sessions individually and 2 days after treatmennt | NPS, PPT |
Alghadir, 2020, Saudi Arabia | 60 subjects at 19–38 years | Group A (n = 20) received all exercise containing hot pack, stretching, ischemic compression, and muscle energy, Group B (n = 20) received exercises except ischemic compression, Group C (n = 20) received exercises except muscle energy therapy | Gradually pressure to MTrP for 90 s | Pre and post treatment | VAS, PPT |
Oliveira-Campelo, 2013, Portugal | 117 subjects from 18 years | Muscle energy group (n = 23), passive stretching group (n = 23), ischemic compression group (n = 24), placebo group (n = 22), wait and see group (n = 25) | Gradually pressure to MTrP for 90 s | Pre and post treatment | Cervical ROM, PPT, Pressure pain perception |
Ziaeifar, 2018, Iran | 33 females | Ischemic compression group (n = 17) and dry needling group (n = 16) | Ischemic compression for 90 s | Pre and one week after treatment, 2 weeks and 3 months after treatment | VAS, Disability of arm, hand and shoulder, Northwick park neck pain questionnaire |
Moraska, 2018, USA | 25 subjects at 18–49 years | Ischemic compression massage on MTrP group (n = 12) and sham ultrasound group (n = 13) | Ischemic compression massage for 6 min | Pre and post treatment, upon probe removal | PPT, blood flow |
Benito-de-Pedro, 2019, Spain | 34 subjects at 18–75 years | Dry needling group (n = 17) and ischemic compression group (n = 17) | Ischemic compression to MTrP for 90 s | Pre and post treatment | PPT, Thermography |
Blikstad, 2008, UK | 45 subjects at 18–55 years | Activator trigger point group (n = 15), myofascial band therapy (n = 15) and control group received sham ultrasound (n = 15) | A firm thumb pressure in a slow stroking motion in 1 min | Pre and post treatment | NRS, PPT, cervical ROM, degree of lateral flexion |
Kannan, 2012, New Zealand | 45 subjects of 22 females and 23 males | Therapeutic ultrasound group (n = 15), laser group (n = 15) and ischemic compression group (n = 15) | Ischemic compression continued 1 and 1 half minute using thumb or strong finger | Pre and post treatment | VAS, ROM, Tenderness |
Gemmell, 2008, UK | 52 subjects | Ischemic compression group (n = 25) and activator trigger point therapy group (n = 27) | Ischemic compression | Pre and post treatment | NPS, PPT |