Table 1 Participant demographic characteristics (n = 20)
|  | Females (n = 11) | Males (n = 9) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD, range) | 42 (13.2, 22–61) | 40 (12.5, 23–61) | 41 (12.6, 22–61) |
BMI, mean (SD) | 27.1 (6.5) | 30.1 (5.7) | 28.5 (6.2) |
Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
 Hispanic or Latino | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 1 (5) |
Race, n (%) | |||
 American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, and Black or African American | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 1 (5) |
 White | 8 (40) | 7 (35) | 15 (75) |
 Multi-race | 3 (15) | 1 (5) | 4 (20) |
Highest education level, n (%) | |||
 High school | 2 (10) | 1(5) | 3 (15) |
 College | 8 (40) | 8 (40) | 16 (80) |
 Graduate or professional degree | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) |
Employment status, n (%) | |||
 Full-time | 8 40) | 4 (20) | 12 (60) |
 Part-time | 0 (0) | 3 (15) | 3 (15) |
 Unemployed | 2 (10) | 1 (5) | 3 (15) |
 Unspecified | 1 (5) | 2 (10) | 1 (5) |
Average pain, mean (SD) | 5.5 (1.6) | 4.6 (2.4) | 5.1 (1.97) |
Roland-Morris disability questionnaire score, mean (SD) (0–24, 0 = no disability, 24 = severe disability) | 8.2 (4.2) | 5.3 (3.6) | 6.9 (4.14) |
PROMIS® (T score), pain intensity, mean (SD) | 62.4 (4.8) | 55.8 (7.7) | 59.5 (6.92) |