Table 4 Management of selected signs and symptoms [N = 245]; N (%)
Immediate referral to hospital | Exclusive chiropractic care | Comanagement | Prefer not to answer | Missing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Absence of primitive reflexes | 95 (38.8) | 9 (3.7) | 123 (50.2) | 17 (6.9) | 1 (0.4) |
Weight loss of more than 5% | 123 (50.2) | 4 (1.6) | 105 (42.9) | 12 (4.9) | 1 (0.4) |
Impaired mental state, dehydration, abdominal pain, or abnormal breath in a child with diabetes | 232 (94.7) | 1 (0.4) | 10 (4.1) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) |
Ataxia | 164 (66.9) | 3 (1.2) | 72 (29.4) | 5 (2.0) | 1 (0.4) |
Vomiting bile | 200 (81.6) | 4 (1.6) | 30 (12.2) | 9 (3.7) | 2 (0.8) |
Bulging or sulking fontanelle | 189 (77.1) | 7 (2.9) | 39 (15.9) | 7 (2.9) | 3 (1.2) |
Fracture or dislocation | 224 (91.4) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (7.8) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) |
Chest discomfort of low to medium intensity | 105 (42.9) | 21 (8.6) | 105 (42.9) | 12 (4.9) | 2 (0.8) |
Cold or white lower limbs and/or cyanosis of the lips | 222 (90.6) | 1 (0.4) | 15 (6.1) | 5 (2.0) | 2 (0.8) |
Convulsions with no prior history or association with cranial traumas | 216 (88.2) | 2 (0.8) | 25 (10.2) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) |
Dizziness | 53 (21.6) | 28 (11.4) | 160 (65.3) | 3 (1.2) | 1 (0.4) |
Dyspnea combined with nasal flaring or significant increase of breathing rate | 206 (84.1) | 2 (0.8) | 28 (11.4) | 8 (3.3) | 1 (0.4) |
Blood in stool | 185 (75.5) | 0 (0.0) | 55 (22.4) | 2 (0.8) | 3 (1.2) |
Fever higher than 38° C (rectal) in a child of more than 90 days of age | 85 (34.7) | 20 (8.2) | 125 (51.0) | 11 (4.5) | 4 (1.6) |
Fever, pain in chest, impaired mental state, or other neurological findings | 228 (93.1) | 1 (0.4) | 13 (5.3) | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.8) |
Fever equal or above 40° C, particularly associated with a rapid increase | 216 (88.2) | 3 (1.2) | 24 (9.8) | 243 (99.2) | 2 (0.8) |
Tilting of the head | 14 (5.7) | 130 (53.1) | 94 (38.4) | 5 (2.0) | 2 (0.8) |
Joints that are warm, swollen and sensitive, especially if child refuses weightbearing | 176 (71.8) | 2 (0.8) | 63 (25.7) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.8) |
Incapable of waking up a baby | 233 (95.1) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (3.7) | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.8) |
Delay in motor development | 43 (17.6) | 8 (3.3) | 190 (77.6) | 190 (77.6) | 1 (0.4) |
Loss of sense of smell | 143 (58.4) | 1 (0.4) | 82 (33.5) | 16 (6.5) | 3 (1.2) |
Muscle weakness | 56 (22.9) | 15 (6.1) | 167 (68.2) | 4 (1.6) | 3 (1.2) |
Nystagmus | 101 (41.2) | 8 (3.3) | 125 (51.0) | 7 (2.9) | 4 (1.6) |
Pallor | 97 (39.6) | 8 (3.3) | 119 (48.6) | 18 (7.3) | 3 (1.2) |
Parental suspicion of substance abuse | 184 (75.1) | 0 (0.0) | 50 (20.4) | 9 (3.7) | 2 (0.8) |
Legg-Calve-Perthes | 115 (46.9) | 5 (2.0) | 117 (47.8) | 6 (2.4) | 2 (0.8) |
Persistent diarrhea | 157 (64.1) | 3 (1.2) | 78 (31.8) | 5 (2.0) | 2 (0.8) |
Persistent crying or faint crying with somnolence in a baby or child | 183 (74.7) | 6 (2.4) | 45 (18.4) | 9 (3.7) | 2 (0.8) |
Persistent vomiting | 208 (84.9) | 2 (0.8) | 32 (13.1) | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.8) |
Personality change | 132 (53.9) | 3 (1.2) | 99 (40.4) | 9 (3.7) | 2 (0.8) |
Febrile petechiae or purpuric rash | 199 (81.2) | 1 (0.4) | 30 (12.2) | 13 (5.3) | 2 (0.8) |
Positive Babinski | 96 (39.2) | 21 (8.6) | 104 (42.4) | 21 (8.6) | 3 (1,2) |
Recurrent fevers | 77 (31.4) | 4 (1.6) | 157 (64.1) | 4 (1.6) | 3 (1.2) |
Redness in the nasal region | 26 (10.6) | 40 (16.3) | 152 (62.0) | 24 (9.8) | 3 (1.2) |
Nasal discharge | 10 (4.1) | 86 (35.1) | 137 (55.9) | 9 (3.7) | 3 (1.2) |
Scoliosis > 20° | 36 (14.7) | 6 (2.4) | 199 (81.2) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.8) |
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis | 173 (70.6) | 1 (0.4) | 66 (26.9) | 3 (1.2) | 2 (0.8) |
Signs of dehydration signs and/or a decrease of 50% of fluid intake over a 24-h period in a baby or child | 227 (92.7) | 1 (0.4) | 10 (4.1) | 5 (2.0) | 2 (0.8) |
Pressure in the sinus area | 26 (10.6) | 59 (24.1) | 153 (62.4) | 5 (2.0) | 2 (0.8) |
Speech disorders | 93 (38.0) | 2 (0.8) | 136 (55.5) | 12 (4.9) | 2 (0.8) |
Strabismus—new finding | 147 (60.0) | 3 (1.2) | 82 (33.5) | 11 (4.5) | 2 (0.8) |
Persistent abdominal pain | 189 (77.1) | 1 (0.4) | 47 (19.2) | 5 (2.0) | 3 (1.2) |
Perspiration | 63 (25.7) | 28 (11.4) | 117 (47.8) | 35 (14.3) | 2 (0.8) |
Swollen lymph nodes | 79 (32.2) | 25 (10.2) | 134 (54.7) | 5 (2.0) | 2 (0.8) |
Suicidal ideas | 197 (80.4) | 2 (0.8) | 41 (16.7) | 3 (1.2) | 2 (0.8) |
Sore throat | 25 (10.2) | 58 (23.7) | 149 (60.8) | 11 (4.5) | 2 (0.8) |
Exhaustion | 20 (8.2) | 45 (18.4) | 168 (68.6) | 9 (3.7) | 3 (1.2) |
Bruising without cause (no trauma, no abuse) | 132 (53.9) | 4 (1.6) | 99 (40.4) | 8 (3.3) | 2 (0.8) |
Unexplained weight loss | 148 (60.4) | 1 (0.4) | 90 (36.7) | 3 (1.2) | 3 (1.2) |
Watering | 37 (15.1) | 35 (14.3) | 149 (60.8) | 22 (9.0) | 2 (0.8) |
Allergies | 32 (13.1) | 29 (11.8) | 167 (68.2) | 15 (6.1) | 2 (0.8) |
Acute headache | 48 (19.6) | 63 (25.7) | 127 (51.8) | 4 (1.6) | 3 (1.2) |
Chronic headache | 5 (2.0) | 80 (32.7) | 155 (63.3) | 2 (0.8) | 3 (1.2) |
Neoplasm—circumscribed lesion | 147 (60.0) | 2 (0.8) | 81 (33.1) | 13 (5.3) | 2 (0.8) |
Neoplasm—noncircumscribed lesion | 212 (86.5) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (9.0) | 8 (3.3) | 3 (1.2) |