Table 3 Risk of study bias domain-by-domain assessment
From: Physical activity promotion in chiropractic: a systematic review of clinician-based surveys
Physical activity promotion | First author (year of publication) | Prevalence point estimates (95% confidence intervals) | Favorable response to the survey question asked in relation to physical activity promotion |
|---|---|---|---|
1. Discussing and providing PA or exercise recommendations for fitness, including information or resources | Adams (2017) | 84.9% (83.3–86.4%) | Often discuss PA as part of their care/management plans |
Fikar (2011) | 91.6% (88.8–93.7%) | Provide advice/resources given for level of PA performed | |
Hawk (1995) | 68.1% (63.8–72.1%) | Frequently discussed fitness exercise with patients | |
Hawk (2004) | 89.0% (85.8–91.4%) | Provide information to all patients in the appropriate age/sex/risk category on exercise for fitness/disease prevention | |
Jamison (2002) | 99.0% (96.0–99.9%) | Practitioners offer exercise information, including reading material available in the waiting room, group classes, and is not limited to individual consultation counselling | |
Leach R (2011) | 86.0% (76.7–92.9%) | Incorporate national fitness objectives into their patient recommendations | |
Leach M 2021 | 76.8% (64.2–85.9%) | Provided exercise or PA advice or instruction in the initial chiropractic consultation | |
McDonald (2004) | 97.8% (96.4–98.7%) | Clinical routine usually includes exercise recommendations | |
2. Counselling | Hawk (2001) | 50.0% (42.5–58.1%) | Exercise counseling was commonly used with more than 50% of patients |
Himelfarb (2020) | 80.6% (78.8–82.3%) | Make a specific recommendation to a patient regarding physical fitness and exercise promotion | |
Ivie (2011) | 78.3% (69.5–85.1%) | Provided PA counseling to ≥ 51% of patients | |
3. Prepared/readiness to counsel and provide PA, exercise for fitness information or resources | Boline (1990) | 91.5% (88.2–93.9%) | Very prepared-or-prepared to counsel patients in health behaviours such as exercise |
Jamison (2002) | 91.0% (85.4–95.0%) | Practitioners were prepared to offer exercise counselling | |
Sawyer (1990) | 91.0% (87.8–93.5%) | Very prepared-or-prepared to provide advice and counselling to patients about exercise habits | |
4. Importance of counselling and providing PA, exercise for fitness information or resources | Boline (1990) | 78.1% (73.6–82.0%) | Very important-or-somewhat important in being involved in health behaviour of engaging in aerobic activity at least 3 times per week |
Fikar (2011) | 95.9% (93.8–97.3%) | Believed this lifestyle issue was their responsibility to discuss | |
Hawk (1995) | 63.9% (58.7–67.2%) | Considered it important for all D.C.'s to discuss fitness exercise with patients | |
Hawk (2004) | 95.0% (92.7–96.6%) | Should provide information to all patients in the appropriate age/sex/risk category on exercise for fitness/disease prevention | |
Ivie (2011) | 99% (94.9–99.8%) | It is appropriate to counsel patients regarding vigorous PA | |
Jamison (2002) | 93.0% (87.2–96.0%) | believed that it is important to include exercise recommendations as part of their care | |
Leach R (2011) | 94.0% (85.8–97.7%) | Strongly-to-somewhat in agreement with the aim of giving patients advice about PA, exercise | |
Rupert (2000) | 96.1% (94.3–97.3%) | Strongly agree-to-agree maintenance care should include exercise recommendations | |
Sawyer (1990) | 78.0% (73.4–81.8%) | Very important-or-somewhat important in being involved in health behaviour of engaging in aerobic activity at least 3 times per week | |
5. Obtaining information from patients regarding PA or exercise for fitness | Boline (1990) | 96.7% (94.3–98.3%) | Routinely-or-occasionally obtained information on behavioural exercise habits information |
Hawk (2004) | 87.0% (83.9–89.8%) | Obtain information on PA behaviours to identify at-risk patients | |
Fikar (2011) | 90.8% (87.9–93.0%) | Evaluated/monitored behaviours related to PA performed | |
Hawk (2011) | 92.0% (90.8–100.0%) | Routinely-to-frequently obtaining PA information from new patients | |
Sawyer (1990) | 96.0% (93.4–97.5%) | Routinely-or-occasionally obtained information on behavioural exercise habits |