Table 1 Cervical spine assessment tests and evidence of their psychometric properties
Test and study | Population (study size) | Intra-rater reliability (ICC) | Inter-rater reliability (ICC) | Validity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) | ||||
Joint position error | ||||||
Alahmari [56] | 69 | .62–.84 | .74.78 | NR | NR | NR |
Smooth pursuit neck torsion | ||||||
Majcen [57] | 64 | .497–.751 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Daly [58] | 40 | NR | NR | 27.3 | 79.3 | NR |
Cervical flexion endurance | ||||||
Juul [59] | 63 | .68–.75 | .70–.73 | NR | NR | NR |
Selistre [60] | 219/193 | .85 | .75 | NR | NR | NR |
Anterolateral cervical muscle strength | ||||||
Selistre [60] | 200 | .49 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Head thrust/impulse | ||||||
Singh [61] | 40 |  ≥ .76 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Jacobson [62] | 116 | NR | NR | 27 | 85 | NR |
Cervical flexion rotation | ||||||
Hall [63] | 40 | NR | .93 | 90 | 88 | NR |