Table 2 Ocular and vestibular assessment tests and evidence of their psychometric properties
Test and study | Population (study size) | Intra-class reliability (ICC) | Validity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) | |||
Vertical and horizontal saccades | |||||
Hunfalvay [66] | 195 | NR | 77 (horizontal) 64 (vertical) | 78 (horizontal) 65 (vertical) | NR |
Dynamic visual acuity | |||||
Kaufman [67] | 50 | .77 (yaw) .725 (pitch) | NR | NR | NR |
Convergence | |||||
Yorke [35] | 105 | .95 | NR | NR | NR |
Pearce [68] | 78 | .95–.98 | NR | NR | NR |
Hallpike | |||||
Halker [69] | 61 | NR | 79 | 75 | 95.8 |
BESS | |||||
Murray [70] |  | .87 | 34 | 91–96 | NR |
Oldham [71] | 76 | NR | 44.7 | 50 | NR |
Modified BESS | |||||
Oldham [71] | 76 | NR | 47.4 | 63.2 | NR |
Tandem gait | |||||
Oldham [71] | 76 | NR | 63.2 | 60.5 | NR |
Dual-task tandem gait | |||||
Howell [72] | 32 | .84 | NR | NR | NR |
Van Deventer [73] | 170 | NR | 22.6 | 95.1 | 75 |