Table 1 Baseline characteristics
From: Multimorbidity in patients with low back pain in Danish chiropractic practice: a cohort study
Total | Missing | LBPf Intensity < 7a | LBP Intensity ≥ 7a | p-valuee | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 2083) | (n = 1217) | (n = 825) | |||
Sex, n (%) | 0 | ||||
Male | 1165 (55.9) | 719 (62.9) | 424 (37.1) | 0.0006 | |
Female | 918 (44.1) | 498 (55.4) | 401 (44.6) | ||
Age, mean (sd) | 46.07 (13.50) | 0 | 44.74 (13.61) | 46.16 (13.28) | 0.4852 |
BMI, n (%) | 11 | 0.0122 | |||
≤ 25 kg/m2 | 853 (41.2) | 521 (61.9) | 321 (38.1) | ||
26–29 kg/m2 | 776 (37.5) | 460 (60.9) | 296 (39.2) | ||
≥ 30 kg/m2 | 443 (21.4) | 232 (53.6) | 201 (46.4) | ||
Smoker, n (%) | 4 | 0.0036 | |||
Yes | 336 (16.2) | 171 (51.4) | 162 (48.7) | ||
No, I have stopped smoking | 711 (34.2) | 427 (61.8) | 264 (38.2) | ||
No, I have never smoked | 1031 (49.6) | 615 (60.7) | 399 (39.4) | ||
Education n (%) | 61 | 0.0878 | |||
None | 313 (15.5) | 179 (58.7) | 126 (41.3) | ||
Vocational or short education | 848 (42.0) | 481 (57.7) | 353 (42.3) | ||
Middle further education | 553 (27.4) | 320 (58.9) | 223 (41.1) | ||
University degree | 233 (11.5) | 152 (66.7) | 76 (33.3) | ||
Other | 74 (3.7) | 48 (67.6) | 23 (32.4) | ||
Working, n (%) | 32 | 0.1664 | |||
Yes | 1683 (82.1) | 973 (58.8) | 681 (41.2) | ||
No | 368 (17.9) | 226 (62.8) | 134 (37.2) | ||
Pain intensitya, mean (sd) | |||||
Lower back pain (LBP) | 6.70 (2.02) | 41 | 5.45 (1.62) | 8.55 (0.73) | – |
Leg pain | 3.04 (2.94) | 44 | 2.51 (2.62) | 3.84 (3.22) | < 0.0001 |
LBP duration, n (%) | 13 | < 0.0001 | |||
1–7 days | 961 (46.4) | 464 (22.9) | 476 (23.5) | ||
1 week–3 months | 743 (35.9) | 479 (23.6) | 255 (12.6) | ||
3–12 months | 152 (7.3) | 113 (5.6) | 35 (1.7) | ||
12 + months | 214 (10.3) | 152 (7.5) | 56 (2.8) | ||
Medication for LPB, n (%) | 39 | < 0.0001 | |||
Yes, prescription medication | 355 (17.4) | 142 (40.6) | 208 (59.4) | ||
Yes, non-prescription medication | 686 (33.6) | 357 (53.6) | 309 (46.4) | ||
No | 1002 (49.1) | 692 (70.2) | 294 (29.8) | ||
Roland Morris Disability Questionnaireb, mean (sd) | 12.72 (5.45) | 155 | 10.92 (5.33) | 15.40 (4.39) | < 0.0001 |
Mental healthc, mean (sd) | |||||
Depressed | 3.02 (3.96) | 31 | 2.70 (2.76) | 3.52 (3.16) | < 0.0001 |
Stressed/anxious | 3.85 (2.95) | 25 | 3.62 (2.85) | 4.22 (3.08) | < 0.0001 |
Muskuloskeletal pain, n (%) | |||||
Head | 726 (34.9) | 0 | 415 (57.7) | 304 (42.3) | 0.2068 |
Neck | 910 (43.7) | 0 | 519 (58.1) | 375 (42.0) | 0.2152 |
Chest | 116 (5.6) | 0 | 65 (56.0) | 51 (44.0) | 0.4232 |
Stomach | 240 (11.5) | 0 | 130 (54.2) | 110 (45.8) | 0.0689 |
Shoulders | 850 (40.8) | 0 | 496 (59.5) | 337 (40.5) | 0.9788 |
Elbows | 147 (7.1) | 0 | 86 (59.7) | 58 (40.3) | 0.9709 |
Arms | 217 (10.4) | 0 | 117 (55.2) | 95 (44.8) | 0.1688 |
Hands | 235 (11.3) | 0 | 122 (52.8) | 109 (47.2) | 0.0261 |
Hips | 552 (26.5) | 0 | 306 (56.9) | 232 (43.1) | 0.1368 |
Knees | 558 (26.8) | 0 | 314 (57.4) | 233 (42.6) | 0.2258 |
Legs | 502 (24.1) | 0 | 287 (58.6) | 203 (41.4) | 0.6022 |
Feet | 371 (17.8) | 0 | 219 (60.5) | 143 (39.5) | 0.6946 |
Other | 90 (4.3) | 0 | 65 (73.9) | 23 (26.1) | 0.0052 |
No pain | 337 (16.2) | 0 | 205 (62.1) | 125 (37.9) | 0.3040 |
Self-rated general health, n (%) | 639 | 0.0037 | |||
Excellent | 221 (15.3) | 135 (63.1) | 79 (36.9) | ||
Very good | 604 (41.9) | 369 (62.1) | 225 (37.9) | ||
Fine | 378 (26.2) | 217 (58.3) | 155 (41.7) | ||
Fair | 204 (14.1) | 104 (51.5) | 98 (48.5) | ||
Poor | 36 (2.49) | 13 (37.1) | 22 (62.9) | ||
Physical ressourcesd, mean (sd) | |||||
Aerobic fitness | 5.17 (1.86) | 58 | 5.27 (1.80) | 4.99 (1.93) | 0.0007 |
Muscular strength | 5.86 (1.71) | 57 | 5.88 (1.63) | 5.81 (1.81) | 0.3778 |
Endurance | 5.71 (1.90) | 59 | 5.78 (1.83) | 5.61 (2.00) | 0.0548 |
Flexibility | 5.00 (1.95) | 60 | 5.04 (1.87) | 4.92 (2.05) | 0.1544 |
Balance | 5.65 (1.87) | 60 | 5.66 (1.79) | 5.64 (1.99) | 0.7751 |