Christensen MG, Kerkhoff D, Lollasch MW, Cohn L: Job Analysis of Chiropractic. 2000, Greeley: National Board of Chiropractic Examiners
Google Scholar
Gustafson DH, Risberg L, Gering D, et al: Case studies from the quality improvement support system. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR). 1997, 9-16. , publication no. 97-0022
Google Scholar
Wax CM, Abend DS, Pearson RH: Chest pain and the role of somatic dysfunction. JAOA. 1997, 97 (6): 347-355.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roberts RR, Zalenski RJ, Mensah EK, et al: Cost of an emergency department based accelerated protocol vs. hospitalization in patients with chest pain. JAMA. 1997, 278 (20): 1670-1676. 10.1001/jama.278.20.1670.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Weingarten SR, Riedinger MS, Conner L, et al: Practice guidelines and reminders to reduce duration of hospital stay for patients with chest pain: an intervention trial. Ann Int Med. 1994, 120 (4): 257-263.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hamm CW, Goldmann BU, Heeschen C, Kreymann G, Berger J, Meinertz T: Emergency room triage of patients with acute chest pain by means of rapid testing for cardiac troponin T or troponin I. N Engl J Med. 1997, 337: 1648-1653. 10.1056/NEJM199712043372302.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tatum J, Jesse R, Kontos MC, et al: Comprehensive strategy for the evaluation and triage of the chest pain patient. Ann Emer Med. 1997, 29: 116-125.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mikhail M, Smith F, Gray M, Britton C, Frederiksen S: Cost-effectiveness of mandatory stress testing in chest pain center patients. Ann Emer Med. 1997, 29: 88-98.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zalenski R, Rydman R, McCarren M, et al: Feasibility of a rapid diagnostic protocol for and emergency department chest pain unit. Ann Emer Med. 1997, 29: 99-108.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Graff LG, Dallara J, Ross MA, Joseph AJ, Itzcovitz J, Andelman RP, et al: Impact on the care of the emergency department chest pain patient form the chest pain evaluation registry (CHEPER) study. Am J Cardiol. 1997, 80: 563-568. 10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00422-0.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee TH, Pearson SD, Johnson PA, et al: Failure of information as an intervention to modify clinical management: a time-series trial in patients with acute chest pain. Ann Int Med. 1995, 122 (6): 434-437.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee TH, Juarez G, Cook EF, et al: Ruling out acute myocardial infarction: a prospective multicenter validation of a 12-hour strategy for patients at low risk. N Engl J Med. 1991, 324 (18): 1239-1246.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pozen MW, Agostino RB, Selker HP, Sytkowski PA, Hood WB: A predictive instrument to improve coronary-care-unit admission practices in acute ischemic heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1984, 310 (20): 1273-1278.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brush JE, Brand DA, Acampora D, Chalmer B, Wackers FJ: Use of the initial electrocardiogram to predict in-hospital complications of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1985, 312 (18): 1137-1141.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Svavarsdóttir AE, Jonasson MR, Gudmundsson GH, Fjeldsted K: Chest pain in family practice: diagnosis and long-term outcome in a community setting. Can Fam Phys. 1996, 42: 1122-1128.
Google Scholar
Selbst SM, Ruddy RM, Clark BJ, Henretig FM, Santulli T: Pediatric chest pain: a prospective study. Pediatrics. 1988, 82 (3): 319-323.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Selbst SM: Chest pain in children. Pediatrics. 1985, 75 (6): 1068-1069.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Klinkman MS, Stevens D, Gorenflo DW: Episodes of care for chest pain: a preliminary report from MIRNET. J Fam Pract. 1994, 38 (4): 345-352.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Swingler GH, Zwarenstein M: Chest radiograph in acute lower respiratory infections in children. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003, CD001268-2
Heidenreich PA, Go A, Melsop KA, et al: Prediction of risk for patients with unstable angina. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2000, Rockville MD Evidence Report/Technology Assessment, 31:
Google Scholar
Garber AM, Solomon NA: Cost-effectiveness of alternative test strategies for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med. 1999, 130: 719-728.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kuntz KM, Fleischmann KE, Hunink MG, Douglas PS: Cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies for patients with chest pain. Ann Intern Med. 1999, 130: 709-718.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Raggi P, Callister TQ, Cooil B, Russo DJ, Lippolis NJ, Patterson RE: Evaluation of chest pain in patients with low to intermediate pretest probability of coronary artery disease by electron beam computed tomography. Am J Cardiol. 2000, 85: 283-288. 10.1016/S0002-9149(99)00733-X.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Heller GV, Stowers SA, Hendel RC, et al: Clinical value of acute rest technetium-99 m tetrofosmin tomographic myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with acute chest pain and nondiagnostic electrocardiograms. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998, 31: 1011-1017. 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00057-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kosnik JW, Zalenski RJ, Grzybowski M, Huang R, Sweeny PJ, Welch RD: Impact of technetium-99 m sestamibi imaging on the emergency department management and costs in the evaluation of low-risk chest pain. Acad Emerg Med. 2001, 8: 315-323.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Muttreja MR, Mohler ER: Clinical use of ischemic markers and echocardiography in the emergency department. Echocardiography. 1999, 16: 187-192.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shaw LJ, Heller GV, Travin MI, et al: Cost analysis of diagnostic testing for coronary artery disease in women with stable chest pain. J Nucl Cardiol. 1999, Economics of Noninvasive Diagnosis (END) Study Group, 6: 559-569. 10.1016/S1071-3581(99)90091-0.
Google Scholar
Ben Gal T, Zafrir N: The utility and potential cost-effectiveness of stress myocardial perfusion thallium SPECT imaging in hospitalized patients with chest pain and normal or non-diagnostic electrocardiogram. Isr Med Assoc J. 2001, 3: 725-730.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Underwood SR, Godman B, Salyani S, Ogle JR, Ell PJ: Economics of myocardial perfusion imaging in Europe – the EMPIRE Study. Eur Heart J. 1999, 20: 157-166. 10.1053/euhj.1998.1196.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tosteson ANA, Goldman L, Udvarhelyi IS, Lee TH: Cost-effectiveness of a coronary care unit versus an intermediate care unit for emergency department patients with chest pain. Am Heart Assn. 1996, 94: 143-150.
CAS
Google Scholar
Gomez MA, Anderson JL, Karagounis LA, Muhlestein JB, Mooers FB: An emergency department-based protocol for rapidly ruling out myocardial ischemia reduces hospital time and expense: results of a randomized study (ROMIO). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996, 28: 25-33. 10.1016/0735-1097(96)00093-9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Robinson DJ, Woods PG, Snedeker CA, Lynch JH, Chambers K: A comparison trial for stratifying intermediate-risk chest pain: benefits of emergency department observation centers. Prev Cardiol. 2002, 5: 23-30.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
McManus RJ, Mant J, Davies MK, et al: A systematic review of the evidence for rapid access chest pain clinics. Int J Clin Pract. 2002, 56: 29-33.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dougan JP, Mathew TP, Riddell JW, et al: Suspected angina pectoris: a rapid-access chest pain clinic. Qual J Med. 2001, 94: 679-686.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
McCullough PA, Ayad O, O'Neill WW, Goldstein JA: Costs and outcomes of patients admitted with chest pain and essentially normal electrocardiograms. Clin Cardiol. 1998, 21: 22-26.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mikhail MG, Smith FA, Gray M, Britton C, Frederiksen S: Cost-effectiveness of mandatory stress testing in chest pain center patients. Ann Emergency Med. 1997, 29: 88-98.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Goodacre S, Morris F, Arnold J, Angelini K: Is a chest pain observation unit likely to be cost saving in a British hospital?. Emerg Med J. 2001, 18: 11-14. 10.1136/emj.18.1.11.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goodacre SW, Morris FM, Campbell S, Arnold J, Angelini K: A prospective, observational study of a chest pain observation unit in a British hospital. Emerg Med J. 2002, 19: 117-121. 10.1136/emj.19.2.117.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zalenski RJ, Grzybowski M: The chest pain center in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2001, 19: 469-481. 10.1016/S0733-8627(05)70195-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roberts RR, Zalenski RJ, Mensah EK, et al: Costs of an emergency department-based accelerated diagnostic protocol vs hospitalization in patients with chest pain. JAMA. 1997, 278: 1670-1676. 10.1001/jama.278.20.1670.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bing ML, Abel RL, Sabharwal K, McCauley C, Zaldivar K: Implementing a clinical pathway for the treatment of Medicare patients with cardiac chest pain. Best Pract Benchmarking Healthcare. 1997, 2: 118-122.
CAS
Google Scholar
Weingarten S, Ermann B, Bolus R, et al: Early "step-down" transfer of low-risk patients with chest pain: a controlled interventional trial. Ann Internal Med. 1990, 113: 283-289.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Caragher TE, Fernandez BB, Barr LA: Long-term experience with an accelerated protocol for diagnosis of chest pain. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000, 124: 1434-1439.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ng SM, Krishnaswamy P, Morissey R, Clopton P, Fitzgerald R, Maisel AS: Ninety-minute accelerated critical pathway for chest pain evaluation. Am J Cardiol. 2001, 88: 611-617. 10.1016/S0002-9149(01)01801-X.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kisely S, Campbell LA, Skerritt P: Psychological interventions for symptomatic management of non-specific chest pain in patients with normal coronary anatomy. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005, CD004101-1
Ofman JJ, Dorn GH, Fennerty MB, Fass R: The clinical and economic impact of competing management strategies for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002, 16: 261-273. 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01167.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Borzecki AM, Pedrosa MC, Prashker MJ: Should noncardiac chest pain be treated empirically? A cost-effectiveness analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2000, 160: 844-852. 10.1001/archinte.160.6.844.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fass R: Empirical trials in treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dig Dis. 2000, 18: 20-26. 10.1159/000016930.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Botoman VA: Noncardiac chest pain. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2002, 34: 6-14. 10.1097/00004836-200201000-00004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fass R, Fennerty MB, Ofman JJ, et al: The clinical and economic value of a short course of omeprazole in patients with noncardiac chest pain. Gastroenterology. 1998, 115: 42-49.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eslick GD, Coulshed DS, Talley NJ: Review article: the burden of illness of non-cardiac chest pain. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002, 16: 1217-1223. 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01296.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lincoln YS, Guba EG: Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Edited by: Denzin N, Lincoln Y. 2000, Thousand Oaks CA Sage Publications, 2
Google Scholar
Lincoln YS, Guba EG: Naturalistic inquiry. 1985, Beverly Hills CA; Sage Publications
Google Scholar
Ornato JP: Evaluating the patient with chest pain. Patient Care. 2001, 35 (5): 54-71.
Google Scholar
Mootz RD, Talmage DM: Clinical assessment strategies for the thoracic area. Top Clin Chiropr. 1999, 6 (3): 1-19.
Google Scholar
Souza TA: Differential diagnosis and management for the chiropractor. 2002, Gaithersburg: Aspen Publishers, 2
Google Scholar
Haneline MT: Chest pain in chiropractic practice. J Neuromusculoskeletal System. 2000, 8: 84-8.
Google Scholar
Wells KA: Averting disaster – a case report of overlooked angina pectoris in a chiropractic setting. J Neuromusculoskeletal System. 2000, 8: 89-97.
Google Scholar
Polkinghorn BS, Colloca CJ: Chiropractic management of chronic chest pain using mechanical-force, manually-assisted short-lever adjusting procedures. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2003, 26: 108-115. 10.1067/mmt.2003.8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Smith M, Ellerbrock M, Khorshid K, Handley S: Retrospective study of chest pain cases presenting to a chiropractic teaching clinic: a preliminary feasibility study. J Neuromusculoskeletal System. 2000, 8: 67-75.
Google Scholar
Smith M, DeBono V: Retrospective records review to study chest pain in a chiropractic teaching clinic setting: further exploration of feasibility. J Neuromusculoskeletal System. 2000, 8: 76-83.
Google Scholar
Smith AJPH , Smith M, Carber L: Chiropractic health care in Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs) of the U.S. Am J Public Health. 2002, 92: 2001-2009.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hawk C, Nyiendo J, Lawrence D, Killinger L: The role of chiropractors in the delivery of interdisciplinary health care in rural settings. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1996, 19: 82-91.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shima MA: Evaluation of chest pain: back to the basics of history taking and physical examination. Postgrad Med. 1992, 91 (8): 155-64.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mangione S, Nieman LZ: Cardiac auscultatory skillsof internal medicine and family practice trainees. A comparison of diagnostic proficiency. JAMA. 1997, 278: 717-722. 10.1001/jama.278.9.717.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Numans ME, Lau J, de Wit NJ, Bonis PA: Short-term treatment with proton-pump inhibitors as a test for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Ann Internal Med. 2004, 140: 518-527.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Borzecki AM, Pedrosa MC, Prashker MA: Should noncardiac chest pain be treated empirically? A cost-effectiveness analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2000, 160 (6): 844-852. 10.1001/archinte.160.6.844.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Botoman VA: Noncardiac chest pain. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2002, 34 (1): 6-14. 10.1097/00004836-200201000-00004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fass R: Empirical trials in treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dig Dis. 2000, 18 (1): 20-26. 10.1159/000016930.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fass R: The clinical and economic value of a short course of omeprazole in patients with noncardiac chest pain. Gastroenterol. 1998, 115 (1): 42-49.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ofman JJ, et al: The clinical and economic impact of competing management strategies for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002, 16 (2): 261-273. 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01167.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ofman JJ: The cost-effectiveness of the omeprazole test in patients with noncardiac chest pain. Am J Med. 1999, 107 (3): 219-227. 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00219-3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aikens JE, Michael E, Levin T, Myers TC, Lowry E, McCracken LM: Cardiac exposure history as a determinant of symptoms and emergency department utilization in noncardiac chest pain patients. J Behavior Med. 1999, 22 (6): 605-617. 10.1023/A:1018745813664.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Varia I, Logue E, O'Connor C, et al: Randomized trial of sertraline in patients with unexplained chest pain of noncardiac origin. Am Heart J. 2000, 140: 367-372. 10.1067/mhj.2000.108514.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Christensen HW, Vach W, Manniche C, Haghfelt T, Hoilund-Carlsen PF: Diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal chest pain in patients with suspected stable angina pectoris. European J Chiropr. 2002, 49: 92-93.
Google Scholar
Christensen HW, Vach W, Gichangi A, Manniche C, Haghfelt T, Hoilund-Carlsen PF: Cervico-thoracic angina identified by case history and palpation findings in patients with stable angina pectoris. J Manipulative Physiol Ther.
Brodsky AE: Cervical angina: a correlative study with emphasis on the use of coronary arteriography. Spine. 1985, 10 (8): 699-709.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yeung MC: Cervical disc herniation presenting with chest wall pain. Can J Neurol Sci. 1993, 20: 59-61.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wells P: Cervical angina. Am Fam Physician. 1997, 55 (6): 2262-1164.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jacobs B: Cervical angina. NY State J Med. 1990, 90: 8-11.
CAS
Google Scholar
Comments
View archived comments (2)