From: Quality of reporting of randomised controlled trials in chiropractic using the CONSORT checklist
Inclusion Criteria |
RCTs with parallel or cross-over study design |
Adult study populations with musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal with conditions or no condition |
Chiropractic high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA), musculoskeletal manipulation |
Treatment must include chiropractic manipulation, either spinal or peripheral (or both) with/without adjunctive therapy (mobilization, soft tissue therapy, massage, traction, electro-therapies, ultrasound, exercise advice, ergonomic advice, hot/cold therapy, back education) |
Comparators: HVLA, placebo, sham treatment or conventional/standard/usual care treatment, or no treatment |
Exclusion Criteria |
Reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses |
Non-randomised trial designs (quasi-experimental, observational studies) |
Pilot or feasibility studies |
Studies with n-of-1 |
Studies evaluating diagnostic tests, prevention, prognosis, cost-effectiveness, pathophysiological or mechanophysiological mechanisms, validation of questionnaires |
Trials not reported as full papers (abstracts), editorials, commentaries, letters, case reports or series, audits, guidelines, historical articles |
Methodological/Protocol, epidemiological and qualitative studies |
Studies reporting updates of previously published RCTs |