Table 1 Description of included studies
From: Effects of manual therapies on stability in people with musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review
Study | Pain region | Intervention group M(SD). Sham group 2 M(SD). | Intervention | Comparison | Pain Measure | Risk of falls measure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bennell 2005 [21] | Hip OA | Physiotherapy group 67.4 (8.6). Placebo group 69.8 (7.5). | Physiotherapy (massage, taping, mobilisation) and self-management | Sham ultrasound | VAS | Step test |
Bennell 2014 [20] | Hip OA | Intervention group 64.5 (8.6). Sham group 62.7 (6.4). | Mobilisation and/or soft tissue and/or manipulation plus exercise | Sham ultrasound | VAS | Sit-to-stand, step test, gait speed, 4-square step test |
Beselga 2016 [23] | Hip OA | Intervention group 78.3 (6.3). Placebo group 77.5 (6.9) | Mobilisation of the hip | Simulated mobilisation | NRS11 | TUG*, sit-to-stand*, gait speed* |
Abbott 2013 [19] | Hip or Knee OA | Manual therapy + usual care group 67.3 (10.2). Exercise + usual care group 66.9(8.2). Usual care group 66.1 (10.7). | Mobilisation and/or soft tissue and/or manipulation and usual care | Exercise and usual care; usual care | NRS11*, WOMAC* | TUG, sit-to-stand, gait speed |
Abbott 2015 [18] | Knee OA | Manual therapy + exercise group 61 (12). Exercise group 64 (10) | Mobilisation and/or soft tissue and/or manipulation plus exercise | Exercise | NRS11*, WOMAC* | TUG, sit-to-stand*, gait speed |
Cheawthamai 2014 [25] | Knee OA | Manual therapy group 66.62 (8.77). Exercise group 64.05 (7.86). | Self-manual therapy and exercise | Exercise | VAS | Gait speed |
Cortés Godoy 2014 [26] | Knee OA | Manual therapy group 85(median) (81–89(1st and 3rd quartiles)). Exercise group 84 (median) (82–84.5 (1st and 3rd quartiles)). | Massage and exercise | Exercise | VAS | TUG |
Deyle 2000 [29] | Knee OA | Physiotherapy group 64 (9.9). Exercise group 62.2 (9.2) | Physiotherapy (mobilisation, massage) and exercise | Sub-therapeutic ultrasound | WOMAC | Gait speed |
Deyle 2005 [28] | Knee OA | Physiotherapy group 64 (9.9). Exercise group 62.2 (9.2) | Physiotherapy (mobilisation, massage) and exercise | Exercise | WOMAC | Gait speed |
Fitzgerald et al. 2016 [31] | Knee OA | Exercise + manual therapy group 58 (9.8). Exercise group 58.3 (10). | Manual therapy and exercise | Exercise | WOMAC(* at nine weeks) NRS11 | TUG, sit-to-stand, gait speed |
French 2013 [32] | Knee OA | Exercise + manual therapy group 58 (9.8). Exercise group 58.3 (10) | Manual therapy and exercise | Exercise | NRS11 | Sit-to-stand, gait speed |
Jardine 2012 [34] | Knee OA | Osteopathic group 63.20 (7.97). Control group 63.73 (9.63) | Osteopathic fascial release | No treatment | VAS | Step test |
Lee 2017 [36] | Neck pain | Manual therapy + exercise group 59 (2.4). Exercise group 58 (1.6) | Therapeutic exercise with joint mobilisation applied to cervical and upper thoracic spine | Therapeutic exercise alone | VAS*, NDI* | Static balance ability |
Maiers 2014 [37] | Neck pain | Manual therapy + exercise group 59 (2.4). Exercise group 58 (1.6). | Chiropractic (manipulation, mobilisation, traction, massage) and exercise | Exercise | NRS11*, NDI | TUG |
Rudolfsson 2014 [38] | Neck pain | Massage group 51.2 (9.0). Neck coordination exercise group 50.7 (8.6). Strength training exercise group 51.6 (9.0). | Massage | Exercise | NRS11 | Balance (COP)* |
Bennell 2010 [22] | Spine pain | Physiotherapy group 66.2 (8.0). Control group 66.3 (11.8). | Mobilisation, massage, postural taping and exercise | No intervention | NRS11 | TUG |
Dougherty 2014 [30] | LBP | Manual therapy group 76.99 (6.77). Control group 77.04 (6.81) | HVLA spine manipulation and/or flexion distraction and/or mobilisation | Sham ultrasound | VAS, ODI* | TUG |
Goertz et al., 2016 [43] | LBP | High velocity manipulation group 44.1 (10.6). Low velocity mobilisation group 44.5 (10.2). Control group 44.4 (10.5). | Spinal manipulation, spinal mobilisation | Sham control | None | Postural sway (blindfolded and on soft surface, without shoes); muscle activity (EMG) of paraspinal muscles in response to an unexpected sudden load. |
Hicks et al. 2016 [33] | LBP | Intervention group 69.5 (7.0). Exercise group 70.7 (6.8) | Passive control intervention (heat, ultrasound and massage) | Trunk muscle training program (exercises) augmented with neuromuscular electrical stimulation | Modified Oswestry LBP Questionnaire NRS11 | TUG test;* gait speed*; Tampa scale of kinesiophobia; global rating of functional improvement |
Kim 2015 [35] | LBP | Manual therapy group 59.2 (6.5). Exercise group 62.6 (6.6) | Myofascial therapy and muscle energy technique plus exercise | Exercise | VAS*, ODI* | Balance system SD* |
Ruhe 2012 [39] | LBP | Manual therapy group 39.8 (10.5). Control group 41.5 (5.5) | Manipulation, mobilisation and/or massage | No intervention | NRS11* | Balance (COP)* |
Trampas 2014 [40] | LBP | Manual Therapy with massage and exercise 35.8 (7.16). Exercise group 33.4 (12.01) | Massage and exercise | Exercise | None | Biodex stability system |
Yu et al. 2016 [42] | LBP | Myofascial release group 70.4 (3.2). Exercise group 69.4 (4.1) | Myofascial release of the iliopsoas | Exercises | NRS11 | Balance (changes in pressure applied to each force plate and shows the stability of the centre of the gravity). Remodified Schober’s test (RST) |
Castro-Sanchez 2011 [24] | Fibromyalgia | Myofascial therapy group 55.3. Sham ultrasound 53.5 | Myofascial therapy | Sham ultrasound | McGill, VAS*, NRS11* | Postural stability |
Cuesta-Barriuso 2014 [27] | Ankle arthropathy | Mobilisation of the ankle group 37.6 (13.1). Traction of ankles group 33.5 (11.7) | Mobilisation of the ankle, infrared thermotherapy, exercises, ice | Traction of ankles, infrared thermotherapy, exercises and ice | VAS | Romberg’s test |
van den Dolder 2006 [41] | Knee pain | Massage group 55 (11). No intervention group 52 [18] | Massage | No intervention (wait list) | Patellofemoral pain severity questionnaire | Step test* |